Diagnosing diverticulitis

Colonoscopy - the doctor has a look inside the patient's colon by using a colonoscope - a thin tube with a camera at the end. The colonoscope enters the patient through the rectum. Before the procedure begins most patients are given a laxative to clear their bowels. A local anesthetic is given before the procedure starts. The aim of the colonoscopy is to see whether any diverticula are present.

Barium enema X-ray - a tube is inserted into the patient's rectum and a barium liquid is squirted into the tube and up the rectum. Barium is a liquid that shows up in X-rays. When the inside surface of organs that do not show up on X-ray are coated with barium, they become visible. The aim here is to see whether the X-ray may confirm the presence of diverticula. The procedure is not painful.

If a patient has a history of diverticular disease, diverticulitis, the GP (general practitioner, primary care physician) will be able to diagnose diverticulitis by carrying out a physical examination and asking the patient some questions regarding symptoms and his/her medical history. A blood test is useful, because if it reveals a high number of white blood cells it probably means there is an infection.

Patients who have no history of diverticular disease will need additional tests. There are other conditions which may have similar symptoms, such as a hernia or gallstones. A computer topography (CT) scan may be used, as well as a barium enema X-ray. If the patient's symptoms are severe the CT scan may tell whether the infection has spread to another part of the body, or whether there is an abscess.

Point to remember:

Physicians recommend screening for colon cancer after the age of 50. Even healthy individuals with no history of colon cancer, colon polyps, other bowel problems or bleeding should have a colonoscopy.